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Bun

Node.js module

node:sqlite

Not implemented in Bun

Not implemented. Consider using `bun:sqlite` for Bun's built-in high-performance SQLite driver.

  • namespace constants

  • class DatabaseSync

    This class represents a single connection to a SQLite database. All APIs exposed by this class execute synchronously.

    • readonly isOpen: boolean

      Whether the database is currently open or not.

    • readonly isTransaction: boolean

    • Closes the database connection. If the database connection is already closed then this is a no-op.

    • name: string,
      options: AggregateOptions
      ): void;

      Registers a new aggregate function with the SQLite database. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3_create_window_function().

      When used as a window function, the result function will be called multiple times.

      import { DatabaseSync } from 'node:sqlite';

const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
db.exec(`
  CREATE TABLE t3(x, y);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ('a', 4),
                        ('b', 5),
                        ('c', 3),
                        ('d', 8),
                        ('e', 1);
`);

db.aggregate('sumint', {
  start: 0,
  step: (acc, value) => acc + value,
});

db.prepare('SELECT sumint(y) as total FROM t3').get(); // { total: 21 }
      @param name

      The name of the SQLite function to create.

      @param options

      Function configuration settings.

      name: string,
      options: AggregateOptions<T>
      ): void;

      Registers a new aggregate function with the SQLite database. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3_create_window_function().

      When used as a window function, the result function will be called multiple times.

      import { DatabaseSync } from 'node:sqlite';

const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
db.exec(`
  CREATE TABLE t3(x, y);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ('a', 4),
                        ('b', 5),
                        ('c', 3),
                        ('d', 8),
                        ('e', 1);
`);

db.aggregate('sumint', {
  start: 0,
  step: (acc, value) => acc + value,
});

db.prepare('SELECT sumint(y) as total FROM t3').get(); // { total: 21 }
      @param name

      The name of the SQLite function to create.

      @param options

      Function configuration settings.

    • changeset: Uint8Array,
      options?: ApplyChangesetOptions
      ): boolean;

      An exception is thrown if the database is not open. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3changeset_apply().

      const sourceDb = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
const targetDb = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');

sourceDb.exec('CREATE TABLE data(key INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT)');
targetDb.exec('CREATE TABLE data(key INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT)');

const session = sourceDb.createSession();

const insert = sourceDb.prepare('INSERT INTO data (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)');
insert.run(1, 'hello');
insert.run(2, 'world');

const changeset = session.changeset();
targetDb.applyChangeset(changeset);
// Now that the changeset has been applied, targetDb contains the same data as sourceDb.
      @param changeset

      A binary changeset or patchset.

      @param options

      The configuration options for how the changes will be applied.

      @returns

      Whether the changeset was applied successfully without being aborted.

    • close(): void;

      Closes the database connection. An exception is thrown if the database is not open. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3_close_v2().

    • options?: CreateSessionOptions
      @param options

      The configuration options for the session.

      @returns

      A session handle.

    • maxSize?: number

      Creates a new SQLTagStore, which is an LRU (Least Recently Used) cache for storing prepared statements. This allows for the efficient reuse of prepared statements by tagging them with a unique identifier.

      When a tagged SQL literal is executed, the SQLTagStore checks if a prepared statement for that specific SQL string already exists in the cache. If it does, the cached statement is used. If not, a new prepared statement is created, executed, and then stored in the cache for future use. This mechanism helps to avoid the overhead of repeatedly parsing and preparing the same SQL statements.

      import { DatabaseSync } from 'node:sqlite';

const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
const sql = db.createSQLTagStore();

db.exec('CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name TEXT)');

// Using the 'run' method to insert data.
// The tagged literal is used to identify the prepared statement.
sql.run`INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'Alice')`;
sql.run`INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'Bob')`;

// Using the 'get' method to retrieve a single row.
const id = 1;
const user = sql.get`SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${id}`;
console.log(user); // { id: 1, name: 'Alice' }

// Using the 'all' method to retrieve all rows.
const allUsers = sql.all`SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id`;
console.log(allUsers);
// [
//   { id: 1, name: 'Alice' },
//   { id: 2, name: 'Bob' }
// ]
      @returns

      A new SQL tag store for caching prepared statements.

    • allow: boolean
      ): void;

      Enables or disables the loadExtension SQL function, and the loadExtension() method. When allowExtension is false when constructing, you cannot enable loading extensions for security reasons.

      @param allow

      Whether to allow loading extensions.

    • sql: string
      ): void;

      This method allows one or more SQL statements to be executed without returning any results. This method is useful when executing SQL statements read from a file. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3_exec().

      @param sql

      A SQL string to execute.

    • name: string,
      options: FunctionOptions,
      func: (...args: SQLOutputValue[]) => SQLInputValue
      ): void;
      @param name

      The name of the SQLite function to create.

      @param options

      Optional configuration settings for the function.

      @param func

      The JavaScript function to call when the SQLite function is invoked. The return value of this function should be a valid SQLite data type: see Type conversion between JavaScript and SQLite. The result defaults to NULL if the return value is undefined.

      name: string,
      func: (...args: SQLOutputValue[]) => SQLInputValue
      ): void;
      @param name

      The name of the SQLite function to create.

      @param func

      The JavaScript function to call when the SQLite function is invoked. The return value of this function should be a valid SQLite data type: see Type conversion between JavaScript and SQLite. The result defaults to NULL if the return value is undefined.

    • path: string
      ): void;

      Loads a shared library into the database connection. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3_load_extension(). It is required to enable the allowExtension option when constructing the DatabaseSync instance.

      @param path

      The path to the shared library to load.

    • dbName?: string
      ): null | string;
      @param dbName

      Name of the database. This can be 'main' (the default primary database) or any other database that has been added with ATTACH DATABASE Default: 'main'.

      @returns

      The location of the database file. When using an in-memory database, this method returns null.

    • open(): void;

      Opens the database specified in the path argument of the DatabaseSyncconstructor. This method should only be used when the database is not opened via the constructor. An exception is thrown if the database is already open.

    • sql: string
      @param sql

      A SQL string to compile to a prepared statement.

      @returns

      The prepared statement.

    • callback: null | (actionCode: number, arg1: null | string, arg2: null | string, dbName: null | string, triggerOrView: null | string) => number
      ): void;

      Sets an authorizer callback that SQLite will invoke whenever it attempts to access data or modify the database schema through prepared statements. This can be used to implement security policies, audit access, or restrict certain operations. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3_set_authorizer().

      When invoked, the callback receives five arguments:

      • actionCode {number} The type of operation being performed (e.g., SQLITE_INSERT, SQLITE_UPDATE, SQLITE_SELECT).
      • arg1 {string|null} The first argument (context-dependent, often a table name).
      • arg2 {string|null} The second argument (context-dependent, often a column name).
      • dbName {string|null} The name of the database.
      • triggerOrView {string|null} The name of the trigger or view causing the access.

      The callback must return one of the following constants:

      • SQLITE_OK - Allow the operation.
      • SQLITE_DENY - Deny the operation (causes an error).
      • SQLITE_IGNORE - Ignore the operation (silently skip).
      import { DatabaseSync, constants } from 'node:sqlite';
const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');

// Set up an authorizer that denies all table creation
db.setAuthorizer((actionCode) => {
  if (actionCode === constants.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE) {
    return constants.SQLITE_DENY;
  }
  return constants.SQLITE_OK;
});

// This will work
db.prepare('SELECT 1').get();

// This will throw an error due to authorization denial
try {
  db.exec('CREATE TABLE blocked (id INTEGER)');
} catch (err) {
  console.log('Operation blocked:', err.message);
}
      @param callback

      The authorizer function to set, or null to clear the current authorizer.

  • class StatementSync

    This class represents a single prepared statement. This class cannot be instantiated via its constructor. Instead, instances are created via thedatabase.prepare() method. All APIs exposed by this class execute synchronously.

    A prepared statement is an efficient binary representation of the SQL used to create it. Prepared statements are parameterizable, and can be invoked multiple times with different bound values. Parameters also offer protection against SQL injection attacks. For these reasons, prepared statements are preferred over hand-crafted SQL strings when handling user input.

    • readonly expandedSQL: string

      The source SQL text of the prepared statement with parameter placeholders replaced by the values that were used during the most recent execution of this prepared statement. This property is a wrapper around sqlite3_expanded_sql().

    • readonly sourceSQL: string

      The source SQL text of the prepared statement. This property is a wrapper around sqlite3_sql().

    • ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): Record<string, SQLOutputValue>[];

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns all results as an array of objects. If the prepared statement does not return any results, this method returns an empty array. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      @returns

      An array of objects. Each object corresponds to a row returned by executing the prepared statement. The keys and values of each object correspond to the column names and values of the row.

      namedParameters: Record<string, SQLInputValue>,
      ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): Record<string, SQLOutputValue>[];

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns all results as an array of objects. If the prepared statement does not return any results, this method returns an empty array. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param namedParameters

      An optional object used to bind named parameters. The keys of this object are used to configure the mapping.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      @returns

      An array of objects. Each object corresponds to a row returned by executing the prepared statement. The keys and values of each object correspond to the column names and values of the row.

    • This method is used to retrieve information about the columns returned by the prepared statement.

      @returns

      An array of objects. Each object corresponds to a column in the prepared statement, and contains the following properties:

    • ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): undefined | Record<string, SQLOutputValue>;

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns the first result as an object. If the prepared statement does not return any results, this method returns undefined. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      @returns

      An object corresponding to the first row returned by executing the prepared statement. The keys and values of the object correspond to the column names and values of the row. If no rows were returned from the database then this method returns undefined.

      namedParameters: Record<string, SQLInputValue>,
      ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): undefined | Record<string, SQLOutputValue>;

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns the first result as an object. If the prepared statement does not return any results, this method returns undefined. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param namedParameters

      An optional object used to bind named parameters. The keys of this object are used to configure the mapping.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      @returns

      An object corresponding to the first row returned by executing the prepared statement. The keys and values of the object correspond to the column names and values of the row. If no rows were returned from the database then this method returns undefined.

    • ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): Iterator<Record<string, SQLOutputValue>>;

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns an iterator of objects. If the prepared statement does not return any results, this method returns an empty iterator. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      @returns

      An iterable iterator of objects. Each object corresponds to a row returned by executing the prepared statement. The keys and values of each object correspond to the column names and values of the row.

      namedParameters: Record<string, SQLInputValue>,
      ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): Iterator<Record<string, SQLOutputValue>>;

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns an iterator of objects. If the prepared statement does not return any results, this method returns an empty iterator. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param namedParameters

      An optional object used to bind named parameters. The keys of this object are used to configure the mapping.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      @returns

      An iterable iterator of objects. Each object corresponds to a row returned by executing the prepared statement. The keys and values of each object correspond to the column names and values of the row.

    • ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns an object summarizing the resulting changes. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

      namedParameters: Record<string, SQLInputValue>,
      ...anonymousParameters: SQLInputValue[]

      This method executes a prepared statement and returns an object summarizing the resulting changes. The prepared statement parameters are bound using the values in namedParameters and anonymousParameters.

      @param namedParameters

      An optional object used to bind named parameters. The keys of this object are used to configure the mapping.

      @param anonymousParameters

      Zero or more values to bind to anonymous parameters.

    • enabled: boolean
      ): void;

      The names of SQLite parameters begin with a prefix character. By default,node:sqlite requires that this prefix character is present when binding parameters. However, with the exception of dollar sign character, these prefix characters also require extra quoting when used in object keys.

      To improve ergonomics, this method can be used to also allow bare named parameters, which do not require the prefix character in JavaScript code. There are several caveats to be aware of when enabling bare named parameters:

      • The prefix character is still required in SQL.
      • The prefix character is still allowed in JavaScript. In fact, prefixed names will have slightly better binding performance.
      • Using ambiguous named parameters, such as $k and @k, in the same prepared statement will result in an exception as it cannot be determined how to bind a bare name.
      @param enabled

      Enables or disables support for binding named parameters without the prefix character.

    • enabled: boolean
      ): void;

      By default, if an unknown name is encountered while binding parameters, an exception is thrown. This method allows unknown named parameters to be ignored.

      @param enabled

      Enables or disables support for unknown named parameters.

    • enabled: boolean
      ): void;

      When reading from the database, SQLite INTEGERs are mapped to JavaScript numbers by default. However, SQLite INTEGERs can store values larger than JavaScript numbers are capable of representing. In such cases, this method can be used to read INTEGER data using JavaScript BigInts. This method has no impact on database write operations where numbers and BigInts are both supported at all times.

      @param enabled

      Enables or disables the use of BigInts when reading INTEGER fields from the database.

    • enabled: boolean
      ): void;

      When enabled, query results returned by the all(), get(), and iterate() methods will be returned as arrays instead of objects.

      @param enabled

      Enables or disables the return of query results as arrays.

  • function backup(
    sourceDb: DatabaseSync,
    path: PathLike,
    options?: BackupOptions
    ): Promise<number>;

    This method makes a database backup. This method abstracts the sqlite3_backup_init(), sqlite3_backup_step() and sqlite3_backup_finish() functions.

    The backed-up database can be used normally during the backup process. Mutations coming from the same connection - same DatabaseSync - object will be reflected in the backup right away. However, mutations from other connections will cause the backup process to restart.

    import { backup, DatabaseSync } from 'node:sqlite';

const sourceDb = new DatabaseSync('source.db');
const totalPagesTransferred = await backup(sourceDb, 'backup.db', {
  rate: 1, // Copy one page at a time.
  progress: ({ totalPages, remainingPages }) => {
    console.log('Backup in progress', { totalPages, remainingPages });
  },
});

console.log('Backup completed', totalPagesTransferred);
    @param sourceDb

    The database to backup. The source database must be open.

    @param path

    The path where the backup will be created. If the file already exists, the contents will be overwritten.

    @param options

    Optional configuration for the backup. The following properties are supported:

    @returns

    A promise that fulfills with the total number of backed-up pages upon completion, or rejects if an error occurs.

Type definitions

  • interface AggregateOptions<T extends SQLInputValue = SQLInputValue>

    • deterministic?: boolean
    • directOnly?: boolean
    • inverse?: (accumulator: T, ...args: SQLOutputValue[]) => T

      When this function is provided, the aggregate method will work as a window function. The function receives the current state and the dropped row value. The return value of this function should be the new state.

    • result?: (accumulator: T) => SQLInputValue

      The function to call to get the result of the aggregation. The function receives the final state and should return the result of the aggregation.

    • start: T | () => T

      The identity value for the aggregation function. This value is used when the aggregation function is initialized. When a Function is passed the identity will be its return value.

    • step: (accumulator: T, ...args: SQLOutputValue[]) => T

      The function to call for each row in the aggregation. The function receives the current state and the row value. The return value of this function should be the new state.

    • useBigIntArguments?: boolean

      If true, integer arguments to function are converted to BigInts. If false, integer arguments are passed as JavaScript numbers.

    • varargs?: boolean

      If true, function may be invoked with any number of arguments (between zero and SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG). If false, function must be invoked with exactly function.length arguments.

  • interface ApplyChangesetOptions

    • filter?: (tableName: string) => boolean

      Skip changes that, when targeted table name is supplied to this function, return a truthy value. By default, all changes are attempted.

    • onConflict?: (conflictType: number) => number

      A function that determines how to handle conflicts. The function receives one argument, which can be one of the following values:

      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA: A DELETE or UPDATE change does not contain the expected "before" values.
      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND: A row matching the primary key of the DELETE or UPDATE change does not exist.
      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT: An INSERT change results in a duplicate primary key.
      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY: Applying a change would result in a foreign key violation.
      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT: Applying a change results in a UNIQUE, CHECK, or NOT NULL constraint violation.

      The function should return one of the following values:

      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT: Omit conflicting changes.
      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE: Replace existing values with conflicting changes (only valid with SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflicts).
      • SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT: Abort on conflict and roll back the database.

      When an error is thrown in the conflict handler or when any other value is returned from the handler, applying the changeset is aborted and the database is rolled back.

      Default: A function that returns SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT.

  • interface BackupOptions

    • progress?: (progressInfo: BackupProgressInfo) => void

      An optional callback function that will be called after each backup step. The argument passed to this callback is an Object with remainingPages and totalPages properties, describing the current progress of the backup operation.

    • rate?: number

      Number of pages to be transmitted in each batch of the backup.

    • source?: string

      Name of the source database. This can be 'main' (the default primary database) or any other database that have been added with ATTACH DATABASE

    • target?: string

      Name of the target database. This can be 'main' (the default primary database) or any other database that have been added with ATTACH DATABASE

  • interface CreateSessionOptions

    • db?: string

      Name of the database to track. This is useful when multiple databases have been added using ATTACH DATABASE.

    • table?: string

      A specific table to track changes for. By default, changes to all tables are tracked.

  • interface DatabaseSyncOptions

    • allowBareNamedParameters?: boolean

      If true, allows binding named parameters without the prefix character (e.g., foo instead of :foo).

    • allowExtension?: boolean

      If true, the loadExtension SQL function and the loadExtension() method are enabled. You can call enableLoadExtension(false) later to disable this feature.

    • allowUnknownNamedParameters?: boolean

      If true, unknown named parameters are ignored when binding. If false, an exception is thrown for unknown named parameters.

    • enableDoubleQuotedStringLiterals?: boolean

      If true, SQLite will accept double-quoted string literals. This is not recommended but can be enabled for compatibility with legacy database schemas.

    • enableForeignKeyConstraints?: boolean

      If true, foreign key constraints are enabled. This is recommended but can be disabled for compatibility with legacy database schemas. The enforcement of foreign key constraints can be enabled and disabled after opening the database using PRAGMA foreign_keys.

    • open?: boolean

      If true, the database is opened by the constructor. When this value is false, the database must be opened via the open() method.

    • readBigInts?: boolean

      If true, integer fields are read as JavaScript BigInt values. If false, integer fields are read as JavaScript numbers.

    • readOnly?: boolean

      If true, the database is opened in read-only mode. If the database does not exist, opening it will fail.

    • returnArrays?: boolean

      If true, query results are returned as arrays instead of objects.

    • timeout?: number

      The busy timeout in milliseconds. This is the maximum amount of time that SQLite will wait for a database lock to be released before returning an error.

  • interface FunctionOptions

  • interface Session

    • changeset(): NonSharedUint8Array;

      Retrieves a changeset containing all changes since the changeset was created. Can be called multiple times. An exception is thrown if the database or the session is not open. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3session_changeset().

      @returns

      Binary changeset that can be applied to other databases.

    • close(): void;

      Closes the session. An exception is thrown if the database or the session is not open. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3session_delete().

    • patchset(): NonSharedUint8Array;

      Similar to the method above, but generates a more compact patchset. See Changesets and Patchsets in the documentation of SQLite. An exception is thrown if the database or the session is not open. This method is a wrapper around sqlite3session_patchset().

      @returns

      Binary patchset that can be applied to other databases.

  • interface SQLTagStore

    This class represents a single LRU (Least Recently Used) cache for storing prepared statements.

    Instances of this class are created via the database.createSQLTagStore() method, not by using a constructor. The store caches prepared statements based on the provided SQL query string. When the same query is seen again, the store retrieves the cached statement and safely applies the new values through parameter binding, thereby preventing attacks like SQL injection.

    The cache has a maxSize that defaults to 1000 statements, but a custom size can be provided (e.g., database.createSQLTagStore(100)). All APIs exposed by this class execute synchronously.

    • readonly capacity: number

      A read-only property that returns the maximum number of prepared statements the cache can hold.

    • readonly db: DatabaseSync

      A read-only property that returns the DatabaseSync object associated with this SQLTagStore.

    • stringElements: TemplateStringsArray,
      ...boundParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): Record<string, SQLOutputValue>[];

      Executes the given SQL query and returns all resulting rows as an array of objects.

    • clear(): void;

      Resets the LRU cache, clearing all stored prepared statements.

    • stringElements: TemplateStringsArray,
      ...boundParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): undefined | Record<string, SQLOutputValue>;

      Executes the given SQL query and returns the first resulting row as an object.

    • stringElements: TemplateStringsArray,
      ...boundParameters: SQLInputValue[]
      ): Iterator<Record<string, SQLOutputValue>>;

      Executes the given SQL query and returns an iterator over the resulting rows.

    • stringElements: TemplateStringsArray,
      ...boundParameters: SQLInputValue[]

      Executes the given SQL query, which is expected to not return any rows (e.g., INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).

    • size(): number;

      A read-only property that returns the number of prepared statements currently in the cache.

      @returns

      The maximum number of prepared statements the cache can hold.

  • interface StatementColumnMetadata

    • column: null | string

      The unaliased name of the column in the origin table, or null if the column is the result of an expression or subquery. This property is the result of sqlite3_column_origin_name().

    • database: null | string

      The unaliased name of the origin database, or null if the column is the result of an expression or subquery. This property is the result of sqlite3_column_database_name().

    • name: string

      The name assigned to the column in the result set of a SELECT statement. This property is the result of sqlite3_column_name().

    • table: null | string

      The unaliased name of the origin table, or null if the column is the result of an expression or subquery. This property is the result of sqlite3_column_table_name().

    • type: null | string

      The declared data type of the column, or null if the column is the result of an expression or subquery. This property is the result of sqlite3_column_decltype().

  • interface StatementResultingChanges

    • changes: number | bigint

      The number of rows modified, inserted, or deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. This field is either a number or a BigInt depending on the prepared statement's configuration. This property is the result of sqlite3_changes64().

    • lastInsertRowid: number | bigint

      The most recently inserted rowid. This field is either a number or a BigInt depending on the prepared statement's configuration. This property is the result of sqlite3_last_insert_rowid().

  • type SQLInputValue = null | number | bigint | string | NodeJS.ArrayBufferView
  • type SQLOutputValue = null | number | bigint | string | NodeJS.NonSharedUint8Array